Effective irrigation remains a cornerstone of successful endodontic treatment, yet significant variations remain in clinical practice. This session will explore the latest developments in irrigation techniques, from solution selection to modern activation methods that optimise canal cleanliness and disinfection. Emphasis will be placed on the biological and mechanical principles that underpin effective irrigation, helping clinicians translate evidence into predictable, efficient, everyday practice. With advances in techniques comes the need for improved safety to minimise the risk of sodium hypochlorite accidents. How to recognise, prevent, and manage these rare but significant events will also be discussed.